{"id":70194,"date":"2025-08-27T17:11:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-27T13:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/?p=70194"},"modified":"2025-08-27T17:11:00","modified_gmt":"2025-08-27T13:41:00","slug":"car-crankshaft","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/car-crankshaft\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"114\" data-end=\"482\">\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 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title=\"\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\">\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/car-crankshaft\/#%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%88_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE_%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%9F\" title=\"\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0627\u067e \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f\">\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0627\u067e \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" 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href=\"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/car-crankshaft\/#%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%88_%DA%86%D9%87_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%9F\" title=\"\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u061f\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/car-crankshaft\/#%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1\" title=\"\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\">\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/car-crankshaft\/#%D9%87%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B6_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%9F\" title=\"\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f\">\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/car-crankshaft\/#%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86\" title=\"\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\">\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/car-crankshaft\/#%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C\" title=\"\u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"44\" data-end=\"62\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%9F\"><\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"64\" data-end=\"340\">\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af (Crankshaft) \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/engine-parts\/\">\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648<\/a> \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u067e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"342\" data-end=\"358\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"359\" data-end=\"573\">\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0631\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0648\u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"575\" data-end=\"604\">\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"605\" data-end=\"850\">\n<li data-start=\"605\" data-end=\"701\">\n<p data-start=\"607\" data-end=\"701\">\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"702\" data-end=\"777\">\n<p data-start=\"704\" data-end=\"777\">\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0686\u0631\u062e\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"778\" data-end=\"850\">\n<p data-start=\"780\" data-end=\"850\">\u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/transmission-system\/\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648<\/a> \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"880\">\u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"881\" data-end=\"1095\">\n<li data-start=\"881\" data-end=\"931\">\n<p data-start=\"883\" data-end=\"931\">\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/gearbox\/\">\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u06a9\u0633<\/a> \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"932\" data-end=\"1008\">\n<p data-start=\"934\" data-end=\"1008\">\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u062f\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1009\" data-end=\"1095\">\n<p data-start=\"1011\" data-end=\"1095\">\u0647\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1097\" data-end=\"1220\">\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0646 (\u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648) \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"44\" data-end=\"64\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF\"><\/span>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"66\" data-end=\"321\">\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f. \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0628\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"323\" data-end=\"353\">\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u06cc<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"354\" data-end=\"574\">\n<li data-start=\"354\" data-end=\"500\">\n<p data-start=\"356\" data-end=\"500\">\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0631\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0648\u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0622\u0628 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"501\" data-end=\"574\">\n<p data-start=\"503\" data-end=\"574\">\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0646\u06af\u200c\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"576\" data-end=\"594\">\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"595\" data-end=\"813\">\u0628\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"839\">\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"840\" data-end=\"1082\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f. \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1084\" data-end=\"1114\">\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1115\" data-end=\"1355\">\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"57\" data-end=\"105\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-70204 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Crankshafts-1-1024x512.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af\" width=\"699\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Crankshafts-1-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Crankshafts-1-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Crankshafts-1-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Crankshafts-1.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 699px) 100vw, 699px\" \/><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"57\" data-end=\"105\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%88_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A2%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%9F\"><\/span>\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0686\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"107\" data-end=\"335\">\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"337\" data-end=\"361\">\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af<\/h3>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"363\" data-end=\"1306\">\n<li data-start=\"363\" data-end=\"526\">\n<p data-start=\"366\" data-end=\"526\">\u0698\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc (Main Journals)<br data-start=\"401\" data-end=\"404\" \/>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0686\u0631\u062e\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634 \u0646\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"528\" data-end=\"679\">\n<p data-start=\"531\" data-end=\"679\">\u0698\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u06a9 (Crank Pins)<br data-start=\"564\" data-end=\"567\" \/>\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0631\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0648\u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"681\" data-end=\"852\">\n<p data-start=\"684\" data-end=\"852\">\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u06af (Crank Arms)<br data-start=\"719\" data-end=\"722\" \/>\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0698\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"854\" data-end=\"1025\">\n<p data-start=\"857\" data-end=\"1025\">\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 (Counterweights)<br data-start=\"892\" data-end=\"895\" \/>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u067e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1027\" data-end=\"1170\">\n<p data-start=\"1030\" data-end=\"1170\">\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06af<br data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1062\" \/>\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af\u060c \u062f\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0627\u067e \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1172\" data-end=\"1306\">\n<p data-start=\"1175\" data-end=\"1306\">\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0644<br data-start=\"1196\" data-end=\"1199\" \/>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u06a9\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"1308\" data-end=\"1311\" \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1313\" data-end=\"1330\">\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1332\" data-end=\"1717\">\n<li data-start=\"1332\" data-end=\"1442\">\n<p data-start=\"1334\" data-end=\"1442\">\u0686\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u06a9\u0646 (Ductile Cast Iron): \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1443\" data-end=\"1577\">\n<p data-start=\"1445\" data-end=\"1577\">\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0631\u062c\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 (Forged Steel): \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1578\" data-end=\"1717\">\n<p data-start=\"1580\" data-end=\"1717\">\u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc: \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"61\" data-end=\"85\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86\"><\/span>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"87\" data-end=\"277\">\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"279\" data-end=\"310\">\u06f1. \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u06a9\u0647<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"311\" data-end=\"463\">\n<li data-start=\"311\" data-end=\"353\">\n<p data-start=\"313\" data-end=\"353\">\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"354\" data-end=\"410\">\n<p data-start=\"356\" data-end=\"410\">\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"411\" data-end=\"463\">\n<p data-start=\"413\" data-end=\"463\">\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"465\" data-end=\"488\">\u06f2. \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0686\u0646\u062f\u062a\u06a9\u0647<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"489\" data-end=\"648\">\n<li data-start=\"489\" data-end=\"546\">\n<p data-start=\"491\" data-end=\"546\">\u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0632\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"547\" data-end=\"599\">\n<p data-start=\"549\" data-end=\"599\">\u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"600\" data-end=\"648\">\n<p data-start=\"602\" data-end=\"648\">\u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"650\" data-end=\"690\">\u06f3. \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062e\u0637\u06cc (Inline Crankshaft)<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"691\" data-end=\"807\">\n<li data-start=\"691\" data-end=\"731\">\n<p data-start=\"693\" data-end=\"731\">\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"732\" data-end=\"772\">\n<p data-start=\"734\" data-end=\"772\">\u0698\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"773\" data-end=\"807\">\n<p data-start=\"775\" data-end=\"807\">\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"809\" data-end=\"851\">\u06f4. \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af V \u0634\u06a9\u0644 (V-type Crankshaft)<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"1014\">\n<li data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"899\">\n<p data-start=\"854\" data-end=\"899\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc V6\u060c V8 \u06cc\u0627 V12 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"900\" data-end=\"959\">\n<p data-start=\"902\" data-end=\"959\">\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"1014\">\n<p data-start=\"962\" data-end=\"1014\">\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1016\" data-end=\"1054\">\u06f5. \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1055\" data-end=\"1172\">\n<li data-start=\"1055\" data-end=\"1101\">\n<p data-start=\"1057\" data-end=\"1101\">\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u067e\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1102\" data-end=\"1172\">\n<p data-start=\"1104\" data-end=\"1172\">\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1174\" data-end=\"1226\">\u06f6. \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0631\u062c\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 (Forged Crankshaft)<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1371\">\n<li data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1265\">\n<p data-start=\"1229\" data-end=\"1265\">\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1311\">\n<p data-start=\"1268\" data-end=\"1311\">\u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1312\" data-end=\"1371\">\n<p data-start=\"1314\" data-end=\"1371\">\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"bs-shortcode-alert alert alert-info\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"41\" data-end=\"78\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 <a class=\"decorated-link cursor-pointer\" href=\"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/car-price\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"384\" data-end=\"423\">\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648<\/a> \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062f.<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"41\" data-end=\"78\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%88_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE_%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%9F\"><\/span>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0627\u067e \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"80\" data-end=\"296\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0627\u067e \u0628\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"298\" data-end=\"315\">\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"437\">\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0631\u0641\u062a\u200c\u0648\u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"439\" data-end=\"458\">\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0627\u067e<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"459\" data-end=\"635\">\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0627\u067e \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0627\u067e\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0627\u067e\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"637\" data-end=\"677\">\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0627\u067e<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"678\" data-end=\"889\">\n<li data-start=\"678\" data-end=\"743\">\n<p data-start=\"680\" data-end=\"743\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"744\" data-end=\"809\">\n<p data-start=\"746\" data-end=\"809\">\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0627\u067e \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0686\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"810\" data-end=\"889\">\n<p data-start=\"812\" data-end=\"889\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0627\u067e\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u0634 \u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"891\" data-end=\"910\">\u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f: <a href=\"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/car-camshaft-position-sensor\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0627\u067e<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"891\" data-end=\"910\">\u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"911\" data-end=\"1147\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0686\u0631\u062e\u200c\u062f\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0627\u067e\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062e\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u067e\u0627\u067e\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"57\" data-end=\"87\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88\"><\/span>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"89\" data-end=\"302\">\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"304\" data-end=\"334\">\u06f1. \u0635\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"335\" data-end=\"565\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0635\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0642 \u06cc\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc) \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"567\" data-end=\"595\">\u06f2. \u0644\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"596\" data-end=\"754\">\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"756\" data-end=\"784\">\u06f3. \u0627\u0641\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"785\" data-end=\"971\">\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/bearing\/\">\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646<\/a> \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"1004\">\u06f4. \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0686\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0686\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1005\" data-end=\"1174\">\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0686\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1176\" data-end=\"1200\">\u06f5. \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1201\" data-end=\"1312\">\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1314\" data-end=\"1336\">\u06f6. \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1337\" data-end=\"1481\">\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0634\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"41\" data-end=\"71\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88\"><\/span>\u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"73\" data-end=\"289\">\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u06cc\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"291\" data-end=\"317\">\u06f1. \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"318\" data-end=\"518\">\n<li data-start=\"318\" data-end=\"414\">\n<p data-start=\"320\" data-end=\"414\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"415\" data-end=\"518\">\n<p data-start=\"417\" data-end=\"518\">\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"520\" data-end=\"548\">\u06f2. \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"549\" data-end=\"706\">\n<li data-start=\"549\" data-end=\"625\">\n<p data-start=\"551\" data-end=\"625\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u0628\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 (\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u0632\u062f\u0646) \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"626\" data-end=\"706\">\n<p data-start=\"628\" data-end=\"706\">\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"708\" data-end=\"734\">\u06f3. \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"735\" data-end=\"910\">\n<li data-start=\"735\" data-end=\"821\">\n<p data-start=\"737\" data-end=\"821\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"822\" data-end=\"910\">\n<p data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"910\">\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc (Aftermarket \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a) \u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0632\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"912\" data-end=\"944\">\u06f4. \u062f\u0627\u063a \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"945\" data-end=\"1146\">\n<li data-start=\"945\" data-end=\"1053\">\n<p data-start=\"947\" data-end=\"1053\">\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0646\u06a9\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a) \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1054\" data-end=\"1146\">\n<p data-start=\"1056\" data-end=\"1146\">\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1148\" data-end=\"1178\">\u06f5. \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1179\" data-end=\"1355\">\n<li data-start=\"1179\" data-end=\"1275\">\n<p data-start=\"1181\" data-end=\"1275\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1276\" data-end=\"1355\">\n<p data-start=\"1278\" data-end=\"1355\">\u06af\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1357\" data-end=\"1394\">\u06f6. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1395\" data-end=\"1497\">\n<li data-start=\"1395\" data-end=\"1497\">\n<p data-start=\"1397\" data-end=\"1497\">\u0628\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"94\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-70205 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Crankshaft.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\" width=\"752\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Crankshaft.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Crankshaft-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/karnameh.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Crankshaft-768x461.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 752px) 100vw, 752px\" \/><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"94\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF\"><\/span>\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"96\" data-end=\"268\">\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"270\" data-end=\"300\">\u06f1. \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"301\" data-end=\"513\">\n<li data-start=\"301\" data-end=\"366\">\n<p data-start=\"303\" data-end=\"366\">\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"367\" data-end=\"461\">\n<p data-start=\"369\" data-end=\"461\">\u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"462\" data-end=\"513\">\n<p data-start=\"464\" data-end=\"513\">\u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"515\" data-end=\"546\">\u06f2. \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0646\u06a9\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"547\" data-end=\"682\">\n<li data-start=\"547\" data-end=\"597\">\n<p data-start=\"549\" data-end=\"597\">\u0622\u0628 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0636\u062f\u06cc\u062e \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"598\" data-end=\"682\">\n<p data-start=\"600\" data-end=\"682\">\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0645\u067e \u0622\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u063a \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"684\" data-end=\"717\">\u06f3. \u067e\u0631\u0647\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"718\" data-end=\"870\">\n<li data-start=\"718\" data-end=\"791\">\n<p data-start=\"720\" data-end=\"791\">\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u06af\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"792\" data-end=\"870\">\n<p data-start=\"794\" data-end=\"870\">\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0633\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"872\" data-end=\"912\">\u06f4. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"913\" data-end=\"1082\">\n<li data-start=\"913\" data-end=\"1007\">\n<p data-start=\"915\" data-end=\"1007\">\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1008\" data-end=\"1082\">\n<p data-start=\"1010\" data-end=\"1082\">\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1084\" data-end=\"1112\">\u06f5. \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1113\" data-end=\"1292\">\n<li data-start=\"1113\" data-end=\"1212\">\n<p data-start=\"1115\" data-end=\"1212\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0641\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0633 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1213\" data-end=\"1292\">\n<p data-start=\"1215\" data-end=\"1292\">\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"170\" data-end=\"221\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%88_%DA%86%D9%87_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%9F\"><\/span>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"223\" data-end=\"439\">\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0648\u063a\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641 \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0648 \u062e\u0634 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"441\" data-end=\"679\">\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0698\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc (Oversize) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"681\" data-end=\"849\">\ud83d\udd39 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0698\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"851\" data-end=\"854\" \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"856\" data-end=\"897\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1\"><\/span>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"899\" data-end=\"1129\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0632\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 (ECU) \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f. ECU \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0632\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0634\u0634 \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1131\" data-end=\"1160\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1161\" data-end=\"1331\">\n<li data-start=\"1161\" data-end=\"1213\">\n<p data-start=\"1163\" data-end=\"1213\">\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1214\" data-end=\"1249\">\n<p data-start=\"1216\" data-end=\"1249\">\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1250\" data-end=\"1280\">\n<p data-start=\"1252\" data-end=\"1280\">\u0686\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0686\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1281\" data-end=\"1331\">\n<p data-start=\"1283\" data-end=\"1331\">\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1333\" data-end=\"1525\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0646) \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1527\" data-end=\"1530\" \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1532\" data-end=\"1580\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%87%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B6_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%9F\"><\/span>\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1582\" data-end=\"1707\">\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1709\" data-end=\"2117\">\n<li data-start=\"1709\" data-end=\"1793\">\n<p data-start=\"1711\" data-end=\"1793\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648: \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1794\" data-end=\"1897\">\n<p data-start=\"1796\" data-end=\"1897\">\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631: \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc 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data-end=\"2117\">\n<p data-start=\"2004\" data-end=\"2117\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9: \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u0628\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"2119\" data-end=\"2378\">\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 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style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"685\" data-end=\"726\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86\"><\/span>\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"728\" data-end=\"927\">\u06f1. \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<br data-start=\"767\" data-end=\"770\" \/>\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc 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\u0644\u0646\u06af \u062c\u0632\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1094\" data-end=\"1298\">\u06f3. \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u061f<br data-start=\"1150\" data-end=\"1153\" \/>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062e\u0637 \u0648 \u062e\u0634 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1300\" data-end=\"1510\">\u06f4. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0686\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<br data-start=\"1340\" data-end=\"1343\" \/>\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0628\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1512\" data-end=\"1725\">\u06f5. \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0686\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f<br data-start=\"1546\" data-end=\"1549\" \/>\u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 ECU \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0634\u0634 \u0633\u0648\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0632\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1727\" data-end=\"1875\">\u06f6. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0634\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0686\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f\u061f<br data-start=\"1770\" data-end=\"1773\" \/>\u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"43\" data-end=\"62\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C\"><\/span>\u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<span 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